Green leaf hopper of Paddy

Green leaf hopper

1. Name of Pest:  Green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virescens).  

2. Host plants:  Paddy. 

3. When its occur:   Mostly occur during rainfed and irrigated wetland environments.Infestation at the time of panicle emergence affects grain formation.They also prefer rice plants that have been fertilized with large amount of nitrogen.They are not widespread in upland rice.Mostly found during July to October and January to March.

4. How to identify insect pest:

Fig.: Life Cycle Of Green Leaf Hopper

• Egg: Oval in shape and yellowish `white in colour. inside leaf sheaths or midribs.Period is 6 to 8 days.
• Larva: Yellow or pale green.
• Nymphs: Look like smaller adult leaf hoppers, but they do not have wings and therefore, jump about if bothered.Period is 20 to 30 days.
• Pupa: Pupal period is 7 to 10 days.
• Adult: Pale green adults with or without black markings feeding on upper parts of the crop.measure up to 1/2" in length. Period is 2 to 5 days.

5. What does it do : Green leaf hoppers are important pests. They are vectors of viral diseases such as tungro, yellow dwarf, yellow-orange leaf, transitory yellowing, and dwarf. Both nymphs and adults feed by extracting plant sap with their needle-shaped mouth parts.


6. Damage Symptoms:

• Leaves folded longitudinally and larvae remain inside.
• Larvae scrape the green tissues of the leaves and become white and dry.

  

  Fig.: Tungro Disease in Paddy Field.

• Stunted plants and reduced vigor.

• reduced number of productive tillers.

• During severe infestation the whole field exhibits withering or complete plant drying.

7. Similar symptoms:

Tungro infected crops may sometimes be confused with nitrogen deficiency or iron toxicity or acid soils. To confirm the cause of the problem, check for virus infected plants in the fields, and the presence of the insect

8. Management Practice:

       A. Cultural Methods:

• Use resistance variety like IR-36, IR-20, RASI, AMULYA ,SURESH ,MANDIRA, NALINI ETC

• Looks into rainy and cloudy situation to tackle the pests.

• Nursery should not be located near the street lamps

• Transplant older seedlings (>3 weeks) to reduce viral disease susceptibility transmitted by leaf hoppers.

• Early planting within a given planting period, particularly in the dry season, is suggested as a means of reducing the risk of insect-vectored disease.

• Timely fertilizer use also has been found to reduce the symptoms of tungro. On balance, nitrogen should be applied at an optimal but not excessive level. [using the Leaf Colour Chat]

• Control weeds in the field and on the bunds to remove the preferred grassy hosts of GLH and promotes crop vigor.

• Inter crop upland rice with soybean to reduce the incidence of leaf hoppers on rice.

• Apply Neem Cake @ 12.5 kg/20 Decimal/cent (0.2 Acre) nursery as basal dose.

• Scout the field for the presence of Tungro and Green leaf hopper. Check 20 hills while walking diagonally across a transplanted field.

        B. Biological Methods:

• The most abundant predator is the green mired bug( @ 50 – 75 egg/ m2) Cyrtorhinus lividipennis which predate on both eggs and nymphs.

• Encourage biological control agents: small wasps (parasitize the eggs), mirid bug; small wasps, pipunculid flies,and nematodes (parasitize both the nymphs and adults), aquatic veliid bugs, nabid bugs,dragonflies, and spiders.

        C. Mechanical and Physical Methods:(Trap Methods):

• Traditional practices have included light traps to capture green leaf hoppers.

• Remove insects onto kerosene-coated water from foliage by dragging a rope across the field or using large brooms.

        D. Chemical Methods: (Never use Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam as prophylactic (preventive) measure. Spray insecticides twice, 15 and 30 days after transplanting.

• Recommended For Apply Carbofuran 3% G @ 8-10 Kg / Acre Or

• Spray Acephate 95 % S.G. @ 0.75 Gm / 2 Lit. Of Water. (Hunk) Or

• Spray Buprofezin 25% S.C @ 1 Ml / Lit. Of Water.(Applaud,Chemrise,Bleze)Or

• Spray Dinotefuran 35% S.L @ 1 Ml / 2 Lit. Of Water.Or

• Spray Dinotefuran 20% S.G @ 1 Gm / 2 Lit. Of Water (TOKEN,OSHEEN) Or

• Spray Flonicamid 50% WG @ 1 Gm / 5 Lit. Of Water. (Ulalla) or

• Spray Acephate 5 % + Imidacloprid 1.1 % E.C. @ 2.5 Ml / 2 Lit Of Water.(Lancer Gold)

• Spray Buprofezin 15%+Acephate35%W.P @ 2.5 Gm/Lit. Of Water.(Tapuz-ADAMA)

• Spray Ethiprole 40 % + Imidacloprid 40% (80% Wg) @ 1GM/ 3 Lit. Of Water.(Glamour)

• Spray Imidacloprid 40% + Fipronil 40% (80 W.G)@ 1 Gm / 2 Lit. Of Water.(Lesenta)

• Spray Phosphamidon 40% + Imidacloprid 2 % S.P @ 1 Gm / 2 Lit. Of Water.

Thanking You